Temperature Effects of MD on Municipal Wastewater Treatment in an Integrated Forward Osmosis and Membrane Distillation Process

An integrated forward osmosis (FO)-membrane distillation (MD) process is promising for the treatment and resource recovery from municipal wastewater. As higher temperature applied in MD, it could affect performance of both FO MD units. This study aimed to investigate effects type draw solution (DS) feed (FS) such as ammonium or wastewater containing at temperatures on membrane performance. It found that FS DS resulted a water flux RSF with either NaCl glucose due increased diffusivity reduced viscosity DS. However, by 23–35% elevated DS, than (8–19%), while reverse solute (RSF) increase rate was two times In addition, use 50 42 °C permeation whereas completely rejected all operating temperatures. Reducing pH lowering improve rejection minimize ammonia escape recovered water, but extra cost be led to. Therefore, results suggest an FO-MD °C, better Furthermore, simplified heat balance estimation suggests internal system very necessary treating treatment. sheds light selection ammonium. this highlights necessity system.